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Tim Rees, Professor in Sport at Bournemouth University, and Jessica Salvatore, Associate Professor of Psychology at Sweet Briar College, discussed this idea at length in a recent article penned for The Conversation.
The researchers have also published a study on the effects of negative stereotypes on performance in the journal Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology.
Based on their research, the stigma surrounding England’s history with penalties can have a very real effect in the real world.
In the article, which was penned before England’s victory over rivals Germany, the researchers said: “Far from harmless melodrama, research suggests this stereotype may hurt England’s chances in future penalty shootouts.
“That’s because of what’s called a ‘stereotype threat’ – the fear people have that their performance will confirm negative stereotypes about the group to which they belong.”
Another example of the effect in play is the performance of girls solving mathematical problems.
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